Dieta mediterrânea e Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica
Rodrigo Augusto Oliveira da Silva
Estudante de Nutrição – Estagiário do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia
Um estudo randomizado atual realizado na Espanha denominado de PREDIMED – Prevencion com Dieta Mediterranea revelou que a dieta do Mediterrâneo, rica em Azeite de Oliva Virgem ou castanhas, reduziu a pressão sanguinea sistólica de pacientes com alto risco cardiovascular. Neste texto, é apresentado um subestudo estrutural que avaliou o efeito da dieta do Mediterrâneo suplementada com castanhas ou azeite de oliva virgem nas propriedades da membrana do eritrócito de 36 pacientes hipertensos após 1 ano de intervenção.
PREDIMED – Protocolo de pesquisa que tem como principal objetivo a prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares (Infartos agudos, Derrames e necrose tecidual cardiovascular) através da avaliação da dieta do mediterrâneo.
Pacientes selecionados de duas províncias distintas da Espanha: Sevilha e Málaga
Divididos em 3 grupos:
DDM + Azeite de Oliva Virgem ( Até 1 Litro por semana durante os 3 primeiros meses)
DDM + Castanhas (15 g de nozes, 7,5 g de Avelãs e 7,5 g de Amêndoas)
DDM associada a ingestão de baixo nível de gorduras em geral.
*DDM=Dieta do Mediterrâneo
A composição lipídica da membrana do eritrócito, as propriedades estruturais dessas membranas reconstituídas, e concentrações séricas de marcadores inflamatórios foram relatados neste texto. Depois da intervenção, o conteúdo de colesterol da membrana diminuiu, enquanto que os fosfolipídeos aumentaram em todos os grupos de dietas aplicadas; o que pode ser explicado devido a fluidez da membrana.
A complexidade estrutural dessas membranas dificulta determinar específicas mudanças, principalmente nas funções protéicas. As alterações nas propriedades das estruturas das células sanguíneas relatadas neste texto podem refletir mudanças em outros tipos de células relacionadas com o controle da pressão sanguínea e pode apontar estatisticamente para significantes reduções na pressão sanguínea destes grupos participantes do estudo PREDIMED.
Estes dados sugerem que o estilo da dieta do Mediterrâneo afeta o metabolismo lipídico que é alterado em pacientes hipertensos, influenciando as propriedades da estrutura da membrana, afirmando os efeitos benéficos desta dieta em pacientes hipertensos.
Disponível em: http://hyper.ahajournals.org: ou
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/54/5/1143?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=mediterranean&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT
(Hypertension.2009;54:1143-1150)
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